Scholarly Societies Project

Institut National des Sciences et Arts

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Institut National des Sciences et Arts =
National Institute of Science and Arts

[now Institute de France]
Founding of the Society
Year
Authority / Notes
1795
This date is supported by its website.

On 1793, August 8, the revolutionary Convention Nationale decreed the abolition of "toutes les académies et sociétés littéraires patentées ou dotées par la Nation" [all academies and learned societies licensed or endowed by the Nation] (Institut de France (1995), p.299).

According to Institut de France (1995), pp.18-19, the royal academies were suppressed by the Convention on 1793, August 8, because they were, in the words of Grégoire, "gangrenées d'une incurable aristocratie."

The suppressed royal academies included the following national ones:

On the same date that the royal academies were suppressed, the comité d'instruction publique de la Convention was charged with preparing as soon as possible an organizational plan for a société destinée à l'avancement des science et des arts.

On 1795, October 25, the Convention adopted a report of Danou on the formation of such an organization, no longer referred to as a société but as an institut national, and intended to cast into the shade the splendour of all the former royal academies (Institut de France (1995), p.19). This organization was called the Institut National des Sciences et Arts (Institut de France (1995), p.20).

According to p.20 of Institut de France (1995), the Institut originally had the following three Classes:

  • Première Classe: Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques
    [covered geometry, mechanical arts, astronomy, experimental physics, chemistry, natural history and mineralogy, botany and plant physiology, anatomy and zoology, medicine and surgery, agricultural economics and the veterinary arts.]
  • Deuxième Classe: Classe des Sciences Morales et Politiques
    [covered the analysis of sensations and thoughts, ethics, social science and legislation, political economy, history and geography.]
  • Troisième Classe: Classe de Littérature et Beaux-Arts
    [covered grammar, ancient languages, poetry, antiquities and monuments, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and oratory.]

According to p.29 of Institut de France (1995), Bonaparte decided, on the advice of a commission, to resurrect the former academies, but within the bosom of the Institut; so, on 1803, January 23, the Institut was re-organized into four classes corresponding to the academies suppressed by the Revolution:

In addition, it should be noted that, according to pp.307-308 of Institut de France (1995), in January of 1803 Bonaparte had proposed a re-organization of the Institut inspired largely by the former royal model (suggesting among other things, restoring the designation of Académie to the various sections), which was rejected for this reason by the Conseil d'État. The plan adopted a few days later on 1803, January 23 did not include restoring the designation of Académie.

Co-incidentally, this re-organization effectively suppressed the Classe des Sciences Morales et Politiques, the second class originally established by the Convention in 1795. It was not until 1832, October 26, that King Louis-Phillipe passed an order prepared by François Guizot and Pierre-Louis Roederer that re-established the Classe as the Académie Royale des Sciences Morales et Politiques (Institut de France (1995), p.352).

Although the First Restoration of the Monarchy occurred in 1814, there was too much instability in the country until after the Second Restoration of the Monarchy (which occurred around July 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon, who had returned from exile in February of 1815), for any reform of the Institut (Institut de France (1995), p.32).

On 1816, March 21, Louis XVIII issued an order fixing the statutes of the Institut; one notable change was the return of the designation of Académie to the constituent parts of the Institut (Institut de France (1995), p.310).


It is not clear whether the Institut de France had any connection with the French publications that began in 1833 (v.1) with the title L'Institut: Journal des Académies et Sociétés Scientifiques de la France et de l'Étranger [Scudder #1395], and that for 1834-35 (v.2-3) had the title Journal général (universel) des Sociétés et Travaux Scientifiques, etc., and then subdivided into two pieces, one of which (at least) continued to 1876.

Seat of the Society
City
Authority / Notes
Paris
France
This location is supported by its website.
Name of the Society
Dates
Name
Authority
1795 - 1805 Institut National des Sciences et Arts Its publications.
1806 - 1811? Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts Its publications.
1811 Institut Impériale des Sciences, Lettres et Arts Note (1), p.44 of Institut de France (1995).
1811 - 1815 Institut Impérial = Institut Impérial de France Its publications; the Bibliot. Nat. France cat. lists an 1811 publication by Millevoye, Charles-Hubert published under the first name; and an 1811 publication by Petit-Radel, Louis-Charles-François, an 1812 publication by Mollevaut, Charles-Louis, an 1813 publication by Lemercier, Népomucène, an 1814 publication by Lefèvre-Gineau, Louis, and an 1815 publication by Silvestre de Sacy, Antoine-Isaac published under the second name.
1814 - 1848 Institut Royal de France Its publications; the Bibliot. Nat. France cat. lists an 1814 publication by Étienne, Charles-Guillaume, and an 1848 publication by Walckenaer, Charles-Athanase published under this name of the Institut.
1848 - 1852 Institut National de France Its publications; the Bibliot. Nat. France cat. lists an 1848 publication by Mignet, François-Auguste-Alexis, and an 1852 publication by Flourens, Pierre-Marie-Jean published under this name of the Institut.
1852 - 1870 Institut Impérial de France Its publications; the Bibliot. Nat. France cat. lists an 1852 publication by Birenger, Alphonse-Marc-Marcellin-Thomas, and an 1870 publication by Patin, Henri-Joseph-Guillaume published under this name of the Institut.
1871 - Institut de France Its publications.
Institut de France = Institute of France Website = http://www.institut-de-france.fr/
Journals of the Society
Years
Full Journal Title
Abbrev.
Indexed
an IV - an VII = 1795/1796-1798/1799
(t.I - t.IV)
 
A
Compte rendu et présenté au Corps Législatif par l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts... contenant l'apperçu du progrès des sciences et l'analyse des travaux des diverses classes de l'Institut...
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
 
 
An IV = 1795/1796
[1797/1798]
(1.Sér. t.1);
An VII - An XII = 1798/1799 - 1803/1804
(t.2 - t.5)
 
B
Mémoires de l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts... Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques
[Full-text of 1799 (T.1) to An IX [1801-1802] (T.3) is available at Gallica: la bibliothèque numerique.]
Continues Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences avec les Mémoires de Mathématique....
Continued by I.
[GBV German Union cat.; Scudder #1396d]
Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Phys. Inst. France
[Notes Rec. Roy. Soc., Vol. 38, No. 1 (Aug., 1983), p.74 cites 4 (1800).]
Mém. de l'Inst.
[Pogg, v.1, col.195 cites 1803. IV, 1804. V.]
Mem. de l'Inst. Nat. de Paris ... Sc. Math et Phys.
[Reuss, v.3, p.33 cites T.2.]
Mem. de l'Inst. Nat. des Sc. et Arts ... Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.1, p.4 cites An IV. de la Républ. T.1; v.1, p.108 cites T.2.]
Mem. de l'Inst. Nat. ... Sc. Math. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.3, p.55 cites T.2.]
Mem. de l'Inst. Nat. ... Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.3, p.52 cites T.1.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de France - Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.10, p.46 cites T.1.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris - Sc. Math. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.4, p.36 cites T.3.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris ... Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.3, p.34 cites T.3.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. - Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.10, p.65 cites T.2.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. des Sc. et Arts. Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.8, p.313 cites T.1.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de France. Sc. Math. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.8, p.10 cites T. 5.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de Paris. Sc. Math. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.7, p.90 cites T.2; v.7, p.62 cites T.5.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de Paris. Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.7, p.62 cites T.5.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. - Sc. Math. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.1, p.17 cites T.5.]
Mém. Inst.
[Pogg., v.1, col.238 cites IV.]
Mém. Instit.
[Pogg, v.1, col.166 cites T. III.]
Mém. l'Inst.
[Pogg, v.1, col.119 cites II.]
Mém. l'Instit.
[Pogg, v.1, col.179 cites a technical article in T. III.]
Mémoires de l'institut Nat. d. Sci. et Arts, Sci. Math. et Phys.
[Math. Tables Other Aids Comput., Vol. 3, No. 25 (Jan., 1949), p.396 cites v. 5, 1804.]
Paris, Mém. de l'Inst.
[RSLC, v.1, p.lx]
Pogg
Reuss
RSLC
1795 - 1835
[1912 - 1922]
(T.I - T.10)
 
C
Institut de France. Académie des Sciences. Procès-Verbaux des séances de l'Académie tenues depuis la fondation de l'Institut jusqu'au mois d'août 1835, publiés conformément à une décision de l'Académie par MM. les secrétaires perpétuels
[Full-text of 1795/1799 (T.1) to 1832/1835 (T.10) is available at Gallica: la bibliothèque numerique.]
This journal was published long after the sessions were held.
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
Procès verbaux de l'Institut de France
[Revue de Musicologie, T. 79e, No. 1er (1993), p.148 cites an VII (i.e. 1798/1799).]
 
an IV - an XII = 1795/96-1803/04
(t.I - t.V)
 
D
Mémoires de l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts... Sciences Morales et Politiques
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris. Sc. Mor. et Polit.
[Reuss, v.8, p.331 cites T.1.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. des Sc. et Arts. Sc. Mor. et Polit.
[Reuss, v.9, p.54 cites T. 2.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de Paris. Sc. Mor. et Polit.
[Reuss, v.8, p.117 cites T. I.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. ... Sc. Mor. et Polit.
[Reuss, v.7, p.20 cites T.5.]
Mém. l'Inst. Par. Sc. mor.
[Pogg., v.1, col.89 cites T.I.]
Mém. l'Inst. scienc. mor. et pol.
[Pogg., v.1, col.121 cites T. IV.]
Mém. l'Inst. sect. polit. et moral.
[Pogg., v.1, col.254 cites an article by Louis Antoin Bougainville (1729-1811) in T. III.]
Pogg.
Reuss
an VI, therm. - an XII = 1798, juil./août - 1803/1804
(t.1 - t.5)
E
Mémoires de l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts. Littérature et Beaux-Arts
Continues Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres depuis son établissement... avec les Mémoires de Littérature tiréz des registres de cette Académie
Continued by L.
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
Mem. de l'Inst. Nat. des Sc. et Arts. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.56 cites T. 2 and T. 4.]
Mem. de l'Instit. de Paris. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.47 cites T. I.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris. Cl. 3. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.122 cites T. 3.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.122 cites T.1; p.125 cites T.4.; p.126 cites T.5.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. des Sc. et Arts. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.8, p.39 cites T.2.]
Mem. de l'Institut de Paris. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.47 cites T. I.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de Paris. Litterat. et B. A.
[Reuss, v.9, p.18 cites T. I.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. de Paris. Litterat. et B.A.
[Reuss, v.8, p.35 cites T.5.]
Mém. l'Instit. Class. Litt.
[Pogg, v.1, col.36 cites T.I.]
Reuss
2e trim. an IX - 1er trim. an XI = 1800 - 1802
 
F
Notices des Travaux de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques. Partie Mathématique
Previously contained in Mémoires de l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts. Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques. Later contained in Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut National de France, and then in the Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France.
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
 
 
2e trim. an IX - 1er trim. an XI = 1800 - 1802
 
G
Notice des Travaux de la Classe des Sciences Morales et Politiques
Previously contained in Mémoires de l'Institut National des Sciences et Arts... Sciences Morales et Politiques (an IV-an XII = 1795/96-1803/04). Continued in Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences Morales et Politiques de l'Institut de France (1834 [pub. 1837] - 1847).
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
 
 
messidor an IX - prairial an X = 1801, June/July - 1802, May/June
(T.I - T.II, no.1 - no.12)  
H
Mémoires des Sociétés Savantes et Littéraires de la République française, recueillis et rédigés par les citoyens Prony, Parmentier, Duhamel, Garnier, etc.
According to Crosland (1967), p.189, this journal was initiated in 1801 in order to serve as a showcase for the memoirs of the many minor societies active in France at that time, but the journal ceased a short time later, in 1802. Although there is no direct proof that this was an official publication of the Institut, two prominent members of the Institut, Prony and Partmentier, served on the editorial board of this journal, so there is some basis for a tenous link between the Institut and this journal.
[CCFR French Union cat.]
Mem. des Soc. Sav. et Litter.
[Reuss, v.3, p.58 cites T.1; v.3, p.75 cites T.2.]
Mem. des Soc. Sav. et Litter. de la Republ. Franç.
[Reuss, v.3, p.31 cites T.2; v.7, p.18 cites T.2.]
Mem. des Soc. Savantes et Litter.
[Reuss, v.3, p.101 cites T.1; v.4, p.138 cites T.1.]
Mem. des Soc. Savantes et Litter. de la Republ. Française
[Reuss, v.9, p.42 cites T. 2.]
Mem. des Soc. Savantes et Litteraires
[Reuss, v.10, p.2 cites T.1.]
Paris, Mém. Soc. Sav.
[RSLC, v.1, p.lx]
Reuss
1806
(1.Sér. t.6)  
I
Mémoires de l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts... Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques
Continues B. Continued by J.
[GBV German Union cat.; Scudder #1396d]
Mém. de l'Inst.
[Pogg, v.1, col.195 cites 1806. VI.]
Paris, Mém. de l'Inst.
[RSLC, v.1, p.lx]
Pogg
RSLC
1806
[1806/1807]
(1.Sér. 7.);
1807 - 1812
[1807/1808 - 1814/1816]
([8.] - [13.]);
1813/1815
[1818]
(14.)
 
J
Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut de France
According to pp.489-490 of of T.3 of Bibliographie Générale des Travaux Historiques et Archéologiques publ. par les Sociétés Savantes de la France, the title for 1806 (pub. in 1806 and 1807) and 1807 (pub. 1807 and 1808) was Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut National de France.
According to p.490 of of T.3 of Bibliographie Générale des Travaux Historiques et Archéologiques publ. par les Sociétés Savantes de la France, the title for 1810 (pub. 1809) to 1811 (pub. 1812) was Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut de France
According to p.490 of of T.3 of Bibliographie Générale des Travaux Historiques et Archéologiques publ. par les Sociétés Savantes de la France, the title for 1812 (pub. 1814) was Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut Impériale de France
According to p.490 of of T.3 of Bibliographie Générale des Travaux Historiques et Archéologiques publ. par les Sociétés Savantes de la France, the title for 1813, 1814 and 1815 (pub. 1818) was Mémoires de la Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques de l'Institut de France
Continues I. Continued by Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France.
[GBV German Union cat.; Scudder #1396d]
Mém. Acad. Sci. Inst. Fr.
[Phil. Trans., A Vol. 286, No. 1336, (Sep. 12, 1977), p.486 cites cites an article by J.-B. Biot in 7, 1803; the corresponding entry in RSLC, v.1, p.375 gives the publication date as 1806.]
Mém. de l'Inst.
[Pogg, v.1, cols.195-196 cite 1807. VIII, 1810. X, 1812. XII, 1812. XIII, 1813-15. XIV.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de France - Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.8, p.118 cites T. 7.]
Mem. de l'Instit. Nat. de Paris. Sc. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.8, p.536 cites T.8.]
Mém. de l'Institut de France
[Isis, Vol. 28, No. 2 (May, 1938), p.373 cites a scientific article in 1812.]
Mem. de l'Institut Nat. Mathem. et Phys.
[Reuss, v.10, p.52 cites T.7.]
Mem. Inst.
[Social Studies Sci., Vol. 6, No. 2 (May, 1976), p.178 cites Vol. VII (1806), indicating that this is the Premiere Classe de l'Institut de France.]
Mém. Inst.
[Pogg, v.1, col.53 cites VII. 1806, XII. 1811.]
Mém. Inst. France
[Notes Rec. Roy. Soc., Vol. 24, No. 1 (Jun., 1969), p.135 cites an article by Louis Bernard Guyton de Morveau in 1808, 2nd sem., published 1809; the corresponding entry in RSLC, v.3, p.101 gives the journal-title abbreviation as Paris, Mém. de l'Inst.]
Mém. l'Inst.
[Pogg., v.1, col.265 cites VIII. 1807.]
Mém. Sci. Math. Phys. Inst.
[SIAM J. Appl. Math., Vol. 58, No. 3 (Jun., 1998), p.1041 cites 1811.]
Paris, Mém. de l'Inst.
[RSLC, v.1, p.lx]
Reuss
RSLC
1806 - 1811
(t.I - t.II)
 
K
Mémoires présentés à l'Institut des Sciences, Lettres et Arts par divers Savans et lus dans ses Assemblées. Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques
Continues Mémoires de Mathématique et de Physique, présentés à l'Académie Royale des Sciences par divers sçavans....
Continued by Mémoires présentés par divers Savans à l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France... Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques [subtitled: ou Collection des Mémoires des Savans Étrangers; 1827 - 1914]
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.; Scudder, #1396c]
Mém. Inst. Sav. etr.
[Pogg, v.1, col.39 cites I. 1809.]
Mém. Sav. etr.
[Pogg, v.1, col.39 cites circa 1805.]
Paris, Mém. Savans Étrang.
[RSLC, v.1, p.lx]
RSLC
1815 - 1818
(1. - 4.)
 
L
Histoire et Mémoires de l'Institut Royal de France, Classe d'Histoire et de Littérature Ancienne
Continues E. Continued by Histoire et Mémoires de l'Institut Royal de France, Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres .
[GBV German Union cat.; Bibliot. Nat. France cat.; Univ. Calif. cat.]
 
 
1816 - 1825
 
M
Recueil des discours prononcés dans la séance publique annuelle de l'Institut Royal de France
Continued by N.
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.]
 
 
1826 - 1831?
 
N
Séance publique annuelle des quatre Académies
The word quatre was used in the title until at least 1831, since there is a reference to a 1831 paper by Lethière, Guillaume Guillon that gives this form of the serial title in the Bibliot. Nat. France cat..
The fifth Académie was established on 1832, October 26, so it is not clear whether the Séance publique annuelle for 1832 was for quatre Académies or cinq Académies.
Continues M. Continued by O
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.; Scudder #1396e refers to 1851 & 1856]
 
 
1833? -
 
O
Séance publique annuelle des cinq Académies
The word cinq was used in the title as early as 1833, since there is a reference to a 1833 paper by Naudet, J. that gives this form of the serial title in the Harvard Univ. cat..
The fifth Académie was established on 1832, October 26, so it is not clear whether the Séance publique annuelle for 1832 was for quatre Académies or cinq Académies.
Continues N.
[Bibliot. Nat. France cat.; Scudder #1396e refers to 1851 & 1856]
 
 

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